India's highest court is considering petitions against the government's decision to remove Kashmir's special status


NEW DELHI — Several petitions challenging the constitutionality of laws that Prime Minister Narendra Modi's administration passed in 2019 to abolish the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir's separate constitution, remove inherited protections for land and employment were heard by India's top court on Wednesday.

Several petitions contesting the territory's special status are currently being heard by the five-judge constitutional bench, which also includes the chief justice of the Supreme Court. The region was accorded this status after joining the newly formed India in 1947. These petitions were submitted in advance of the 2019 reforms.

Ladakh and Jammu-Kashmir, which are both directly under the control of the federal government and lack their own legislatures, were split up into two federal territories as a result of the extraordinary action. The Muslim-majority region is now controlled by bureaucrats without democratic certificates, and as a consequence, it has lost its flag, criminal code, and constitution.

India's highest constitutional bench is hearing the case. We are optimistic because we are aware of how solid our case is, said Hasnain Masoodi, an Indian MP from Kashmir who was one of the first to file a petition opposing the Modi administration's decision. In addition, he held a judgeship in Kashmir's High Court.

The Indian Union could be joined using this constitutional framework. He claimed that the abrogation constituted a betrayal and an attack on our identity.

The 2019 decision, according to Masoodi, a member of the National Conference, the main political party in the Kashmir area, violates every rule and provision of the Indian Constitution in both law and spirit.

Soon after, with administrative reforms made without consulting the populace, Indian officials started merging Kashmir into the rest of India. Any Indian native who has lived in the area for at least 15 years or who has studied there for seven years is eligible to become a permanent resident of the area thanks to a domicile law that was implemented in 2020. The government loosened restrictions the same year to allow Indian forces to purchase land in Kashmir and establish "strategic" villages.

The new residency privileges have been hailed by Indian officials as a long overdue step toward promoting more economic growth, but detractors warn that they may change the demographics of the country.

Even though it was promised in the 1948 United Nations resolutions that granted Kashmir the option of joining either Pakistan or India, many Kashmiris worry that an inflow of outsiders could change the outcomes of a referendum, should one ever occur.

Since 1947, when British sovereignty over the Indian subcontinent divided the region between the newly formed India and Pakistan, the magnificent alpine region has experienced little except conflict. In 1989, Kashmiris erupted into a full-fledged armed rebellion against India to unite with Pakistan or achieve total independence.

The majority of Muslim residents of Kashmir support the aim to unite the region, either under Pakistani sovereignty or as a separate state. Pakistan is accused of supporting Kashmiris by New Delhi, a claim that Islamabad refutes. In the fighting, tens of thousands of civilians, revolutionaries, and government troops have perished.

While minority Hindu and Buddhist populations originally hailed the move, they later expressed concern about losing land and jobs in the picturesque Himalayan region. Many Muslim ethnic Kashmiris saw the 2019 amendments as an invasion.

While extremely unpopular in Kashmir, the Modi government was applauded for making good on a long-standing Hindu nationalist promise to eliminate the unique privileges enjoyed by the unrest in the region.

The inhabitants of the region have, however, been largely silenced and had their civil freedoms restricted in New Delhi's efforts to create what it refers to as "Naya Kashmir," or a "new Kashmir," since India has shown no tolerance for any sort of peaceful protest.

Major challenges have also been confronted by Kashmir's media. Since then, a lot of journalists in the area have experienced intimidation, harassment, calls to police stations, and occasionally even arrests. A new media strategy that aims to regulate news was also put into place by the Modi administration.